Personalized Bone Reconstruction and Regeneration in the Treatment of Craniosynostosis

Craniosynostosis (CS) is the second most prevalent craniofacial congenital malformation due to premature fusion of skull sutures. CS care requires surgical treatment variable complexity, aimed at resolving functional and cosmetic defects resulting from growth constrain. Despite significant innovation in management CS, morbidity mortality still exist. Residual cranial represent a potential complication needdedicated drive targeted bone regeneration while modulating suture ossification. To this aim, existing techniques are rapidly evolving include implementation novel biomaterials, 3D printing additive manufacturing techniques, advanced therapies based on tissue engineering. This review aims providing an exhaustive up-to-date overview strategies use correct these defects, focusing technological advances fields biomaterials engineering implemented pediatric reconstruction, i.e., biodegradable fixation systems, biomimetic scaffolds, drug delivery cell-based approaches.